PHARM.D

  Hai friends this is an article from andhra pradesh states leading news paper about pharmacy courses in andhra pradesh .click on the image to view it large courtesy:www.eenadu.net/chaduvu(29/8/2011)

                      yellow phosphorous poisoning yellow phosphorous was once used as a rat or roach poison . Fire works and fertilizers manufactures which release phosphine on contact with water. DOSE: The fatal dose of yellow phosphorous or phosphite is approximatyely 1mg/kg. The exposure limit for yellow phosphorous is 0.1 mg/m3; for phosphine , 0.3 ppm;and for phenyl phosphine,0.05ppm. Symptoms: phosphorous causes tissue destruction , with disturbanxce in carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism in the liver. Deposition ofglycogen in liver is inhibited; deposition of fat is increased. Chronic absorption of phosphorous increases bone formation under the epiphyseal cartilage and impairs blood circulation in bone by bone formation in haverian and marrow canals. These changes lead to necrosis and sequestration of bone; they occur most frequentlyu in the mandible. The pathologic findings in yellow phosphorous pois...

Clofazimine alters the energy metabolism and inhibits the growth rate of a human lung-cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. The anti-leprosy drug Clofazimine is known to inhibit respiratory function and hence energy metabolism in yeast and in transformed fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Clofazimine on the energy metabolism of a chemoresistant human non-small-cell bronchial-carcinoma cell line (WIL) and to determine whether this agent might inhibit the growth rate of this cell line in vitro and in vivo. Oxidative phosphorylation was estimated in vitro by measuring oxygen consumption polarographically and glycolysis was estimated from lactate production. In cells that had been pre-treated with an ATP synthetase inhibitor (oligomycin), the addition of Clofazimine resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption similar to that observed with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a classical inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. This inhibition of mitochondrial function was ass...

Hai friends when we get any cold or cough we prefer to use our own remidies or the known medications and antibiotics.when it doesnot works we will consult a doctor and he will prescribe antibiotics for about five days or one week. But most of the patients do not complete the prescribed duration and they will not take any antibiotics after they feel that they have cured. But remember when a doctor prescribe it for five or one week we should complete the course of duration of the drug . Because when we use the two days we feel better. But when we leave the usage of drug the bacteria or virus gets resistance to  that drug and it may cause severe problems. So when a doctor prescribes you with an antibiotic use it for the prescribed days so that the disease can be cured completely. If you have any complaints or any side effects regarding the drugs consult your prescribed doctor immediately.                           ...

                         SAVE NATURE In today's life the most dangerous and  threatening thing in the world is " GLOBAL WARMING" According to a survey the temperature in the earth is increasing day by day. And also the poles are melting and the water content on the earth is increasing day by day. But due to the increase in water content the land area will be decreased and it leads to less space on earth. This " GLOBAL WARMING " is because of our needs we have caused dangerous harm to the earth. So the nature cannot tolerate and one day it is going to show the result which will be so serious that I and you cannot expect. Dear people wake up so that its time to recover and save the earth and remove the word " GLOBAL WARMING" in future. Save trees and agricultural lands   Stop terror on the earth Say no to plastic Recycle the waste electronic goods...

SAVE NATURE FROM POLLUTING SMALL SCALE COMPANIES June -26 -2011 - Hai friends many small scale companies are running their industreis without proper infrastructure . what ever the waste that is produced from the factory they are flushing it in to the agricultural fields will makes loss of fertility to the soil and those lands cannot be used for agriculture. so the agricultural land becomes infertile . this pictures has been taken while travelling through the train . How the industries making mischief to the lands If they can, do any thing they can use water filtering plants through which the flushed water can be filtered and reused and need not be flush the water to the poor agricultural lands. If they can, they can reduce the pollution by planting more trees which will take the carbondi oxide and release pure oxygen to us Please think we have lot of oppurtunities to do many good things to the nature. Be a responsible human being and use accurate measures to save the...

FDA Approves First Generic Versions of Levofloxacin Tinker Ready The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yesterday approved applications from 12 companies to manufacture generic versions of levofloxacin ( Levaquin , Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The companies, including Teva Pharmaceutical and Sandoz Inc, will start producing generic levofloxacin now that Johnson & Johnson's patent has expired. The drug has been a blockbuster for the company. In the United States, Levaquin had sales of $1.3 billion in 2010 and $422 million in the first quarter of 2011, according to news sources. Levofloxacin is the second common drug in its class to become available in generic form. Another fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin ( Cipro , Bayer) is also available generically. The patent for a third drug in the same class, moxifloxacin ( Avelox , Schering Corp, a subsidiary of Merck & Co), expir...

FDA Approves Tamper-Resistant Oxycodone Susan Jeffrey  Pfizer Inc and Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc announced today marketing approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a new formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl), USP tablets ( Oxecta ) CII. The new formulation is indicated for the management of acute and chronic moderate to severe pain when the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate. The product is an immediate-release oxycodone medication that applies technology designed to discourage common methods of tampering associated with opioid abuse and misuse, the companies said in a statement. This technology, known as Aversion Technology , uses commonly available pharmaceutical ingredients that, for example, cause the active ingredient to gel to prevent injection or to irritate nasal passages to discourage inhalation. Pfizer is licensing the technology in this product from Acura . "Opioid medications are an important treatment option for patients with modera...

Breast-Feeding Lowers Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Laurie Barclay, MD Breast-feeding, particularly exclusive breast-feeding, is associated with a lower risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) according to the results of a  meta-analysis  reported online June 13 in  Pediatrics . "Benefits of breastfeeding include lower risk of postneonatal mortality," write Fern R. Hauck, MD, MS, from the Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville, and colleagues. "However, it is unclear whether breastfeeding specifically lowers ...SIDS risk, because study results have been conflicting." The goal of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between breast-feeding and SIDS. A Medline search from 1966 to 2009, as well as a search of bibliographies of review articles and meta-analyses, identified 288 studies with data on breast-feeding and SIDS. Of 24 original case-control studies examining the association betw...

                                                                      BANNED DRUGS A number of individual drugs as well as fixed  dose  combinations are banned in India. Drugs undergo rigorous  testing  before they are introduced into the market. They are first tested in animals and then in human beings during clinical trials.  The efficacy as well as  safety  profiles  of the drug are tested.   In spite of this, some adverse effects of drugs appear only after the drug is used in the general population.  These adverse effects are detected though a process of regular monitoring after the drug is released called  pharmacovigilance .  If the adverse effects are severe or the risks of using the drug outweigh the benefits, or if the drug is ineffec...

Varenicline May Raise CV Events in CVD Patients Michael O'Riordan The smoking-cessation drug varenicline (Chantix, Pfizer) may be associated with a small increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease, according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [1]. The new safety communication, which will be added to the warnings and precautions section of the drug's label, states that physicians need to balance the known benefits of varenicline--a drug effective in helping patients quit smoking--with the potential risks when deciding to use the drug in patients with cardiovascular disease. In a review of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 700 patients treated with varenicline for smoking cessation, there was an increased risk of nonfatal MI, revascularization, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular disease when compared with patients treated with placebo. Although the study was not designed to detect a statistical differenc...

 Recurrent Stroke Risk Higher in Type 2 Diabetes Megan Brooks Patients with type 2 diabetes, but without frank cardiovascular disease, are at higher risk for recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events than patients without diabetes or without metabolic syndrome. However, statin therapy appears to cut the risk in both groups and to the same degree as in people without these conditions. The findings come from a post hoc analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction of Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial published online June 13 in the Archives of Neurology . "The take-home message from this paper would be that patients with type 2 diabetes and stroke or TIA [transient ischemic attack] without known heart disease have increased risk of future events compared to those without type 2 diabetes or with metabolic syndrome," first author Alfred Callahan, MD, from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, told Medscape Medical News . "This increased risk is...

  FDA Warns of Serious Risks Associated With Liraglutide Mark Crane The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today warned healthcare professionals to closely monitor patients with diabetes receiving liraglutide injections ( Victoza , Novo Nordisk) for thyroid C-cell tumors and acute pancreatitis. Novo Nordisk said in a letter that a recent assessment showed that some primary care providers are not fully aware of the serious risks associated with the use of Victoza. First approved by the FDA in January 2010, liraglutide is the first once-daily human glucagon-like peptide 1 analog indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The treatment is indicated in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes failing first-line therapy. Liraglutide causes dose-dependent and treatment-duration-dependent thyroid C-cell tumors at clinically relevant exposures in both sexes of rats and mice, according to an alert sent today f...

Higher Risk of AF With Kidney Disease Michael O'Riordan  Individuals with impaired kidney function and those with albuminuria are at a significantly increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation, according to the results of a new study [1]. The new data, from an analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, "suggest that interventions aimed at preventing and treating chronic kidney disease could also contribute to reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation," according to Dr Alvaro Alonso (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) and colleagues in a report published online June 6, 2011 in Circulation . Previous studies have shown that patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis have a significantly elevated risk of developing atrial fibrillation, but past studies evaluating the association between kidney function and atrial fibrillation have been conflicting, note the authors. In this analysis, researchers estimated the cystatin-C...